UlBRARV npcONCKESS.I 



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JUNITKD 8TATKS OF AMhUlCA.| 



Sinn ANMvi:iisArtV 

OK T H y. 

National Independence, 

DOVER;, IVr. H. 

i^iill iitimi lit- th- (Tdcdraliun, 

I N f L U I) I N O 

PKKLIMINAllY INCIDKXTS, rROCESSIOX, KXGIXE TRIAL, 
FIKKWOKKS, DKCOKAilOXS, \'C. 

A I. S O 

OEATION 

Hon. JAMES W. rATTEU.SOX, OF HANOVER, X. U. 



PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT. 




DO V Kli, \. II . 
U. HAK.NES, JR., rtliMMiJLU 

II. U. GOODWIN, PRINTER. 

1865. 



CITY GOVERNSVIENT. 



At a special meeting of the City Governmentj held 
Friday evening, July Ttli, the following resolution was 
unanimously passed and a copy of the same forwai'ded to 
Hon. J, W. Patterson, eliciting the subjoined reply. 

"Besolved — By the City Council of Dover, that the 
thanks of the City Government are hereby extended to 
Hon. James W, Patterson, for the eloquent and able 
i^ration pronounced by him before the citizens of Dover, 
under the auspices of the City Government on the 4tS» 
iust., and that he be requested to furnish a copy for pub- 
lication." 



; Rp]PLY. 

Dover, N. H., July 12, 18()5. 
B. Barnes, Jr., Esq., 

Dear Sir : 

Herewith please find the abstract 
of Hon. James W. Patterson's reply to tlie letter sent him 
July 8th, in accordance with a resolution passed by the 
(.^ity Council on tlie 7th inst, 

Respectfally yours, 

JOHN B. STEYENS, Jr., Cit?/ Clerk. 

Hanover, N. H., July 10, 18{]5. 
My Dear Sir: 

Your kt'cer of July Sth communicating to me 
a Resolution of the City Council of Dover, in which they 
request a copy of the address, which I delivered in your 
City on the day of our National Anniversary, has been 
received and its contents noted. I appreciate the honor 
of the request and do not feel at liberty to refuse it. * 

* * * * The arrangement with tlie City, proposed 
by Mr. Barnes, to print it in pamphlet Ibrm, will be per- 
fectly satisfactory to me. Please communicate with him. 
Very respectfull}^, your ob't serv't, 

J. W. PATTERSON. 
John B. Stevens, Jr., Esq. 



T. 



Tlie 89th Anniversary of American Independence re- 
turned to us the present year with increased and perhaps 
never equalled interest. The momentous struggles of the 
past four years have been in defence of that Union we all 
love so well, and under which we have enjoyed and do 
enjoy innumerable blessings — the blessings of a free Re- 
pu-blic founded upon democratic principles. The first 
gun fired upon Sumter awoke the national heart, and we 
have but just seen the culmination of our heroism and 
many sacrifices — a restored nation — a suppressed rebel- 
lion — a united people. Why, then, should we not rejoice 
and "the hills clap their hands with joy," and the moun- 
tains echo from summit to summit the glad tidings so 
welcome to us all ! As Governor Smyth remarked in his 
proclamation of 21st of June, calling upon the people to 
gather together on the 4th ,of July and unite in demon- 
strations of gratitude and joy at our deliverance from war 
and national peril : 

" Peace smiles once more upon our whole land. The 
devastation of war has ceased, and the fearful waste of 
life is ended. The armies of the Great Rebellion, which 
for four years have desolated our country and defied its 
authority, are broken and dispersed, and organized armed 
resistance to the Government is everywhere suppressed. 
Traitors who have so haughtily defied our Flag are now 
bowed in submission before it, and suing for pardon and 



i 

mercy at tbe huuds of the govcruuiciii lliCj sought to 
destroy.'' 

ClTr GOVERNMENT. 

Dover, the earliest settled town in New-Jfampshire, 
under the impetas of its patriotic citi/,eus, determined to 
observe the day with all the pomp and patriotism due the 
occasion. The City Council, at a meeting- June 9th, 
passed a resolution approjiriating a sum of money for the 
purpose and appointed the following Joint Committee : — ■ 
His Honor Wm. F. Estes, ex-ofiicio Chairman ; Aldermen 
Joseph Hallam and Joseph Morrill ; Conncilmen W. T. 
Perkins, Seth T. Hartford, Chas. E. Wentworth, AV. L. 
Thompson and E. B. Chamberlin. 

The Committee immediately proceeded to hold meet- 
ings and lay out the programme in fine order, appointing 
sub-committees and showing a zeal in the good work quite 
commendable. A sum of money for the object was also 
raised by subscription among the citizens, and under 
these auspices a grand celebration seemed to be iorth- 
ooming, and the subse({uent portion of our report justifies 
the expectation. 

FOURTH OF JULY. 

The day opened finely. The showers of Saturday and 
Suuda}^, tlie 1st and 2d insts., seemed to be the cooling 
balm of Heaven upon the worthy occasion, for it laid the 
dust and made the day one of much physical as well as 
general comfort. Nature was in her gayest attire, and 
the warm sun, blue sky and cooling breeze w^as indeed de- 
lightful. Before dawn and without cessation carriages 
and pedestrians came pouring in — vast streams of living 
beings — patriotic souls — fired with reverance for our 
National holiday, and bent on seeing and being seen — lost 
lor a day 

" Amid the nn^.'ilv jra/c of -ror^'.'ous Uiin;'5.'' 



UDDS AND ENDS. 

At early morning tlie Grand Army of the Coclieco, tlm 
Odds and Ends, Lieut. Gen.K, L. P. W. Duesenbury com> 
nuinding, paraded through the principal streets with all 
the grim and fearful circumstance of war, making one of 
the most grotesque, absurd and witty displays ever at- 
tempted. They were accompanied by the celebrated 
IJand of the lOOTOth Army Corps, Don Sanguinarian, 
Leader, whose magnificent efforts woke many a resting 
citizen with dulcet strains of sweeter music than is often 
heard in a life time. 

An Oration was delivered by Hon. Jonathan Haystack, 
High Excellency Qui Quintem Squash Bosherinctum, the 
Orator expected, being indisposed and unable to come 
out. The orator was eloquent and full of patriotism, and 
was received with shouts, cheers, laughter, tears, &c., 
especially "&c." After the close of the Oration, the 
procession " reformed " and returned to headquarters — 
*' Sic transit gloria miciidi,'' or Tuesday, rather. 

RINGING OF BP:LLS AND SALUTE. 

At sunrise, noon and sunset, the bells were rung. A 
salute was also fired at those times by Capt. Nathaniel 
Glines of the old Dover Artillery, the gun used being 
the old 19th Regiment field piece of more than local 
history. 

INSTRUMENTAL CONCERTS. 

At A. M. Concerts, commencing with '-America,'' 
were given on Franklin Square by the Dover Cornet 
Band, J. Burleigh Piukham, Leader ; on Central Square 
by the Barnstead Band, D. M. Jacobs, Leader, and on 
Court Square by the South Newmarket Band, "W. M. 
Robinson, Leader, discoursing finely some choice and 
appropriate t^elections; including the National airs. 



PROCESSION. 

At 11 A. M. precisely, tlie Grand Procession, which 
had been organized, moved on the route, viz : 

Detachment of Police. 

Chief Marshal, Col. Geo. H. Peirce. 

Aids, Col. C. S. Whitehouse, Gonic ; S. C Fisher, and 
C. W. Wiggiu, Dover; E. H. Austin, Madbury. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Dover Cornet Band, J. B. Pinkham, Leader. 

Strafibrd Guards, Capt. Thos. Currier. 

Dover Phalanx, Master Frank Nason, Captain. 

Chief of Police, Gilman Vickery, mounted. 

Carriages containing the City Government, Officers of 
the Day and Invited Guests, viz : 

His Honor Mayor W. F. Estes, the Aldermen, the 
Common Council, other City Officials, Committee of Ar- 
rangements ; Hon. James W. Patterson, Orator of the 
Day ; Rev. James Rand, Cliaplain of the Day ; S. ^U 
Wheeler, Esq., President of the Day ; John B. Stevens, 
Jr., Esq., Reader of the Declaration of Independence ; 
Hon. E. H. Rollins, M. C. 2d District, and Hon. Onslow 
Stearns of Concord ; Col. A. Herbert Bellows of Wal- 
pole ; Judge C. W. Woodman of Dover; Capt. Daniel 
Hall, Provost Marshal, of 1st District, and others. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

Lieut. B. F. Yittum, Chief of Division. 

John Wiggin, Esq., Capt. Israel B. Littlefield, Assistant 
Marshals. 

South Newmarket Band, W. M. Robinson, Leader. 

Fire Department with carriages and engines, viz : 

Hook and Ladder No. 1, Capt. ]\[ark F. Nason, 100 
men. Carriage richly trimmed with flowers and ever- 
greens, also with festoons of same ; floral baskets pen- 
dant at front and back — a handsome display. On each 
side was " Our Union Invincible " and tlio company's 



motto, "Say the word and down comes your house."- — 
Men in citizens dress. 

Tiger Engine Co. No. 2, Capt. J. S. Hayes, 2d ; 35 men. 
Kngino decorated with American flags and wreaths. This 
macliine is in itself an elegantly adorned tub, and con- 
sequently needs but little trimming to beautify it. Men 
dressed in black pants, blue jackets with red lacings, drab 
caps with red trimmings. 

Fountain Engine Company No. 3, Capt. D. Crockett ; 
40 men. Engine handsomely trimmed with evergreen, 
■flags and shields, with photograph of Mayor Estcs in 
front — looked pretty and tasty. Men dressed in black 
pants, red shirts, three-cornered hats, on which wiis 
''Fountain Fire Association No, 3, Dover, N, H, 

Cataract Engine ('o. No. 4, Capt, J, Mahoney ; 30 men. 
Engine trimmed with festoons of evergreen, wreaths, 
flags, &c., with the motto of the Company over the En- 
gine — neat and appropriate. Men dressed in black pants, 
white shirts, and glazed caps, 

Cochecho Engine Co, No. 5, Capt, T. L. Tibbetts ; 40 
men. Engine finely trimmed throughout with festoons, 
flags, floral baskets, &c. Men dressed in black pants, red 
shirts with blue velvet facings, in centre of Avhich is a 
star — lire hats on Avhich is their motto, "Bought Ready 
No. 5." 

THIRD DIVISION, 

Col, Charles A, Tufts, Chief of Division. 

Surg. C. II. Horsch, Capt. A. J. Hough, Assistant 
Marshals. 

Barnstead Band, D. M. Jacobs, Leader. 

St. Paul Commandery Enight Templars No. 3, of 
Dover, Sir Knights Oliver Wyatt, Eminent Commander ; 
Richard N. Ross, Generalissimo ; M. C, Burleigh, Captain 
General, — with Delegations from Mt. Horeb Commandery, 



Concord ; DeWitt Clinton Commandeiy, Portsmouth, and 
others. 

StraiTord Lodge F. and A. Masons No. 29 of Dover. 
Acting j\Iaster Silas Dunn — with Delegations from St, 
John's and St. Andrew's Lodges, Portsmouth ; Star in the 
East Lodge, Exeter ; Fraternal Lodge, Farmington ; Hu- 
mane Lodge, Rochester ; Granite and Libanus Lodges, 
Somersworth ; Morning Star Lodge, Wolfboro'; Rising 
Star Lodge, Newmarket, and others, under John S. 
Hayes, Esq., Marshal. 

Quochecho Encampment I. 0. 0. Fellows No. 4 of Do- 
ver. Daniel Littlefield, C. P., with Delegations from 
Strawberry Bank Encampment, Portsmouth, Norway 
Plains Encampment, Rochester, and others. 

Wecohamet Lodge I. 0. 0. Fellows No. 3 of Dover. 
S. T. Hartford, N. G., with Delegation from Piscataqua 
and New Hampshire Lodges, Portsmouth ; Motolinia 
Lodge, Rochester ; Sagamore Lodge, Newmarket ; Sal- 
mon Falls Lodge, Salmon Falls ; Olive Branch Lodge, 
South Berwick, and others, all under W. H. Pqrmeuter, 
Esq., Grand Marshal. 

Hibernian U. B. Society, Dennis Mahoney, President, 
50 men. 

FOUKTH DIVISION. 

Col. J. P. Baker, Chief of Division. 

R. B. Wiggin, James I. Christie, A. J. Hodgdon, C. W. 
Adams, Jr., Assistant Marshals. 

Instructors and Children of Public Schools numerically 
arranged — in carriages and hayracks, viz : 

District No. L 

Belknap Grammar School, Silver Street, E. M. Lancas- 
ter, Principal ; Sarah B. Piper, Assistant. 

Secondary School, Silver Street, M. Ellen Bickford. 
Teacher. 



9 

Primary School, Silver Street, Mary S. Piper, Teacher ; 
Emma Thomson, Assistant. 

Secondary School, Pine Hill, Lizzie S. Drew, Teacher. 
Primary School, Juliette Reynolds, Teacher. 
District No. 2. 

High School, Chestnut Street, Thomas Tash, Principal ; 
Emily A. Hutchinson, Assistant. 

Grammar School, Chestnut Street. J. L. Brewster^ 
Principal ; Lauraua J. Hanson and Clarabel Gerrish, As- 
sistants. 

Washington Street Primary Schools — Hattie P. "Web- 
ster, Mary T, Caverly, Mary E. Wentworth, Alice A. 
Hackett, Teachers. 

St. Thomas St. Primary School — Lydia A. Flaggy 
Teacher. 

School St. Primary Schools — Lovie F. Ricker, Delia A. 
Henderson, Hattie R. Colby, Sarah F. Rand, Teachers. 

Hurd street Primary Schools — Edna E. Caswell, Sarah 
L. Hallam, Ella M. Spurling, Sophronia Smith, Teachers. 

Fourth street Primary School — Ellen F. Flagg, Teacher, 

Brick street Primary Schools — Sarah A. Chapman and 
Emma M. Home, Teachers. 

District No. 3 — Lucie A. McDufFee, Teacher. 

District No. 4 — Caroline D. Hall, Teacher. 

District No. 5 — Elizabeth J. Nute, Teacher. 

District No. 6 — Emma H. Bean, Teacher. 

District No. 7 — Mary C. Cook, Teacher. 

District No. 8— Mary A. Babb, Teacher.' 

District No. 9 — Georgiana Home, Teacher. 

District No. 10 — Sarah H. Ross, Teacher. 

District No. 11— Mary A. Tuttle, Teacher. 

District No. 12 — Abby F. Jenness, Teacher. 

Franklin Academy — Charles Jewett, Principal ; Susaa 
E. LeBosquet. Abby E. Flagg, -Assistants, 



10 

Citizens of Dover and suironndinc; towns in carria2:es. 

Citizens of Dover and surrounding towns in Cavalcade. 

The Route of the Procession was, viz : From the City 
Hall tlirough Washington to Belknap, through Belknap, 
Locust, Spring, Pleasant, Central, Washington, Main, 
Franklin, Brick and Chestnut streets, to Cocheco Grove. 

The High Scliool scholars were in two beautiful car- 
riages, the 1st and 2nd classes in a car of unique design, 
trimmed with evergreen and flowers, with a canopy form- 
ed by streamers of the same material, the whole lined 
with red. The American Hag graced the car at several 
points, and the young ladies presented a happy scene. 
On each side was ''Dover High School," between two 
circular inscriptions, viz. : "Declaration of Independence, 
July -i, 1770." — "Proclamation of Emancipation, Jan. 1, 
186.3." In the rear, "Union and Freedom," a star between. 

The od and 4th classes of the Iligii School were in a 
boat representing the Ship of State, the Goddess of Lib- 
erty with the American Shield as the i]gure-head, and a 
Commodore at the helm. On each side was "Our Coun- 
try's Pride," — a very charming and appropriate design, 
reflecting much credit upon those originating it. 

The Masonic, Odd Fellows, Hibernians, Fire Companies, 
and other bodies, displayed their full insignia und corpor- 
ate banners, which added largely to the imposing charac- 
ter of tlie occasion. 

EXERCISES AT THE GROVE. 

The Procession arrived at Cochecho Grove, near the 
depot at about, 12.30 noon, a vast auditory having assem- 
bled, composed largely of ladies, whose patriotism on this 
occasion vied enviably with that of the sterner sex, and 
whose smiles and bright looks were universally appreci- 
ated. Soon tlie grove was well filled with the multitude, 
eager to listen to the eloquent and noble words "that fire 
the heart and move the sense'' of liumanitv. 



11 

Joseph Hallaui, Esi^., in bciuiU" ol" the Cuiumitluo of 
Arrang-emencs, called the assemblage to order, and an- 
nounced the following list of officers for the occasion: 

President — Samuel M. Wheeler, Esq. 

Vice Presidents — Daniel M. Christie, John E. Bick- 
ford, Z. S. Wallingford, Dr. Joseph H. Smith, Dr. Levi G. 
Hill, C. W. ATiggin, W. S. Stevens, Albert S. Tash, Eben- 
ezer Faxon, Joseph ^Y. Vv^elch, C. W. Woodman, Dr. A. 
Bickford, Wm. Burr, Dover ; G. W. Burleigh, Royal East- 
man, Somersworth; Joshua Converse, Augustus Rollins, 
Rollinsford ; Jonathan Cartland, Lee ; Col. John W. King- 
man, Durham; W. II. H. Twombly, Madbury; William 
Hale, Barrington: Jacob H. Ela, Rochester ; N. V. White- 
house, Gonic ; George C. Peavey, Strafford ; John D. 
Lyman, Farmington ; Charles H. Jones, Milton ; Thomas 
Bennett, New Durham ; Augustus G. Orne, Middleton. 

Secretaries — T. B. Garland, G. H. Neibuhr, B. Barnes, 
Jr., Dover; Prank McDuffee, Rochester. 

Mr. Wheeler, who presided with his usual good taste, 
without extended remarks, announced the orders of tho 
day. After singing "Independence Da}'"' by the children 
of the schools, under the care of John G. Gate, Esq., 
wdiich was finely given, Rev. James Rand invoked tho 
blessing of Almighty God upon the occasion, in a fervent 
and impressive prayer. The children then sang "Ameri- 
ca"' in a thrilling and effective manner, the audience 
joining. Next the Declaration of Independence was read 
by the City Clerk, John B. Stevens, Jr., Esq., and it was 
one of the best renditions ever given in Dover. Follow- 
ing which, was Hon. James W. Patterson's Oration. 



Ten days since my neighbor died at the age of eighty- 
nine. Born a colonist and the subject of a king, bis 
memory touched the birth-struggle of our nation, lingered 
in the years through which its power and prosperity 
were consolidated, and closed its eventful record with 
the great civil conflict, in which the Government has 
been regenerated and fitted for a higher and more perma- 
nent life, by the blood of children, born after the venera- 
ble man had passed the culmination of his years. The 
whole current of our national history, burdened with 
the golden argosies of the past, and bearing onward to 
posterity the priceless treasures of Liberty and Civiliza- 
tion, which the Anglo American people have added to 
the wealth of the world, has flowed beneath the span of 
that single life. 

This is but the Eighty-ninth Anniversary of the Re- 
public, yet "Avhat grand triumphs of peace, what heroic 
endurance, and imperishable deeds of just war, what, 
achievements of popular intelligence and enterprise 
crowd the brief record of our years ! 

Earth and air have been rifled of their hidden treasures 
and rendered subservient to our success as a people. — 
Cunning inventions have been multiplied and made to 
facilitate the processes of labor. Science and Art have 
rapidly and constantly advanced. Wealth has been creal- 
•ed as if by the power of magic, and thrown into the 
varied forms of convenience, comfort, elegance, luxury 
and productive capital. In less than a century a national 
literature has grown up. rivaling in richness and variety 



14 

the intellectual product;;, wliicli in the old world have 
been accumulating since the revival of learning. In 
this short period the Government too has attained to a 
foremost place in civil power and national influence, and 
what is far better, has given to our white population 
and at last, I trust in God, has given to our entire popu- 
lation in every branch of industr}', the security of "life, 
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.*' 

The a3gis of Law has everywhere and at all times pro- 
tected the constitutional prerogatives and the social priv- 
ileges of the citizen. Political rights and the sanctities of 
home have here been sliielded by the force of public opin- 
ion from the invasions of power, and licenseamore sacredly 
than elsewhere by the watchful police of consolidated 
power. All this has been the work of "a people, who", as 
Burke said of our fathers " are still as it were but in the 
gristle, and not hardened into the bone of manhood.'' 

When five centuries had elapsed from the foundation 
of Rome, she commanded less power than is wielded by 
the commonwealth of New-Hampshire at the opening of 
her ninetieth year of divided sovereignty. 

A thousand years of pupilage were given to Greece, 
before slie began her historic career among the great 
powers of the world. 

England, Christian England, has had more than fifteen 
centuries of discipline b}" peace and war, in which to de- 
velop her resources and perfect her institutions, and yet 
to-day, the United States, except where treason has 
brought the desolations of civil strife, are in advance of 
the mother country in the mechanical and other aids to 
industry ; in the thrift and enterprise of their laboring- 
classes; in the diffusion of wealth and intelligence, and in 
everything which can make a people great and happy. 

What is the source and sustaining power of all this un- 
IKirallclcd prosperity? Jt camiot have rcHultcd largely 



from an inherent difference of populations. We will not 
arrogate to ourselves superior powers, except as the re- 
sult of our national education and discipline, for we trace 
our lineage to the same Celtic and Teutonic stock, from 
which the nations of Western Earopo sprung, and have 
inherited with them the vigor and vitality of Saxon 
blood. We have not outstripped others in the pursuit of 
M^ealth and empire, because our soil is more fertile or 
filled with richer treasures than theirs. It is not because 
we breath a purer air, or are spanned by more beautiful 
skies than those which spread above the realms where 
Oriental despots or European kings hold sway. 

The springs of this mighty activity, this amazing pros- 
perity of our people, will not be found exclusively in the 
llepublican forms of governuiont established by our fath- 
ers. That was a great work, the remembrance of which 
can never perish from history or the gratitude of their 
children. But it was not their greatest work. The Re- 
public was not so truly American as the ground princijjles 
with which they underlaid it and the spirit of j^^^'sonal 
liberty which they infused into it. Eepublics had risen 
and perished before their day. 

There were the ancient Greek republics, in v/hich per- 
sonal liberty was lost sight of in the paramount indepejr 
dence of the State. The lowest stratum of society was left 
uncared for, a fertile hot-bed of miseries and discontents. 
Hh'Ai prof anum valgus was tlie perpetual source of \'iolent 
outbreaks in the State, and a facile instrument in the 
hands of unscrupulous aspirants for civil or military 
power. 

Between the fifth and twelfth centuries arose the con- 
federated free cities of Europe. But the freedom of 
those centuries vv^ould be social servitude in this. " The 
terms servitude and freedom " says Gnizot recall to our 
minds ideas far more pi'coise and definite tlian tlie facts 



of the eigbth, ninth or tenth centuries to which they 
relate. If we say that the towns in the eighth century 
were in a state of freedom, we say by far too much : we- 
attach now to the word "freedom" a signification which 
does not represent the fact of the eiglith century." The- 
boasted Germanic and other confederations which suc- 
ceeded the decline of the " free cities " had but the 
slightest approximation to internal equality and harmony 
of organization, and were a chain of petty feudal states, 
leagued together for common defense against an .all-ab- 
sorbing and rapacious despotism; and for the perpetuation 
of serfdom, rather than a union of free commonwealths, 
associated for the elevation and mutual protection of 
their respective populations. 

Our flithers Avere instructed too by the civil policy 
and experience of the Italian republics, reared tipon the 
political axioms, that all govermental authority emanates 
from the People ; that political power should return at 
fixed intervals to its source and that they who hold it 
should be respondhle to the "people for its use. 

These are fundamental principles of freedom, but un- 
fortunately the citizens of those admirable states had not 
yet discovered that to be free, they must not only assert 
their independence of foreign andmonarchial domination, 
but must shield themselves by the checks and barriers of 
law, against the usurpation and tyranny of a home gov- 
ernment, that had been Christianized at tite altar of Free- 
dom. 

The paramount end of all the early European repub- 
lics was popular sovereignty and not popular liberty. — 
Hence it was that the members of the general assemblies 
of those ancient and mediaeval confederacies, were rather 
deputies and ambassadors of independent states and 
cities, each jealous of the others and seeking to enhance 
its owri- power, thaa the representatives of a -fe-^sr-aLd y^^ 



17 

nnitod people. They csta])lisho(l an irroprossible conflict, 
hy bringing together and attempting to harmonize priu- 
ciplori which had no aflhiity. 

* " Ut turpiter atrum, 
Desinat in pi.sceai rauHer formosa supemo." 

The theory rnnning through all forms of absolutism 
is, that man, with the exception of the few who rule by 
the grace of God, is made for government. The theory 
underlying free civil institutions is, that governments are 
made for man, and should conform to his conditions and 
social interests. Now any attempt to frame into a system 
of government institutions originating in these opposite 
theories must, in the nature of things, bring discord and 
ruin to the people over whom it is placed. The principles 
are antagonistic, and the struggle must go on, till one or 
the other is excluded and the system made homogeneous. 
God has brought home this lesson to the convictions 
of our people, by the bitter experience of the last four 
years as it was never taught before in history. " Whom 
the Lord loveth he corrccteth ; even a's a father the son in 
whom he delighteth." 

The statesmen wdio established our government and 
those who framed its constitution wore too well instructed 
in tlie experiences of the past, not to recognize this great 
trufh. They had studied carefully the writings of such 
men as IMilton, Fenelon and Montesqieu, and had pon- 
dered the essential ciuestions of political philosophy, as 
they only can upon whom God has laid the responsibility 
of determining the civil and social condition of their pos- 
terity to the latest generations. They laid down the po- 
litical equality of men as a self-evident truth, and assumed 
that liberty was a natural right, which could not be alien- 
ated by the dicta of a king, or the enactments of Par- 
liament. They did not attempt to demonstrate these 

*NoTE. Or, as freely translated, "A beautiful woman in part and part t\ 
hMcous lisli." 



18 

self-eviJcnt trutliis, but more wisely committetl them un- 
argued to the opinions of mankind in justitication of their 
solemn act. The assertion, that all men are by nature 
free and equal, carries conviction without j^roof, like the 
assertion thag, the whole is greater than its parts. 

These cardinal truths are the central, organizing prin- 
ciples of our whole system, and may be made the tests of 
legislation and public policy. They are fundamental, and, 
ramifying all our institutions and pervading the national 
legislation, give to our government a character essential- 
ly different from that of the earlier republics. Modern 
liberty is public, social freedom, rather than the indepen- 
dence of the State, though not excluding the latter. It 
not only defends the Nation's life and honor, but pro- 
tects the rights of the citizen by the defenses of law 
against the encroachments of power. 

In thus speaking of the work of the fathers, I am re- 
minded of that barbarous institution of arbitrary power, 
which in its late attempt to destroy '' life, liberty and the 
pursuit of happiness," and to enthrone itself upon the 
ruins of the Republic, has itself been cast down. But 
when tempted to reproach them with the sacrifices of 
these years of blood, I remember that though they left it 
where they found it, under the protection of State law, 
they would not so much as recognise its existence by a 
single word in the organic law of the general government. 

I will not reproach them, for they could not anticipate 
its growth, and I am not sure that there has been a period 
since its establishment in the colonies, when it could l;ave 
been overthrown by anything less than the power of 
civil war. 

No word or thought of crimination shall mingle with 
the grateful tribute, which we this day pay to the memo- 
ry of the glorious dead. They were the first to establish 
the representative system in a confederate government. 



19 

They cast down monopolies and abolislied castes. They 
opened the honors and the responsibilities of public lil'o 
to all, lor whom and by whom the government was estab- 
lished and is maintained. They breathed into republican 
forms the spirit of personal liberty, and secured the prop- 
erty, the homes, and the persons of private citizens alike, 
against the cupidity of license and the encroachments of 
arbitrary power, by the strong arm of law. They found- 
ed schools and built churches for the intellectual and 
moral culture of the people, without which they could 
neither administer nor perpetuate their institutions. — 
These are among the precious memorabilia whose light 
gladdens our eyes, as we gaze back into those years of 
darkness. How sublime and great does their work 
appear, when we contrast the constitution and entire 
structure of this government, in whole or in detail, with 
the civil institutions of other lands and other ages. 

Theirs was not an attempt to create a Platonic repub- 
lic, or to realize a Utopian dream. The diverse interests 
of an extended territory and a varied industry; the ever- 
changing and complicated problems arising from domestic 
and foreign commerce ; the delicate questions of state 
and national jurisdiction ; the passionate struggles of 
parties ; all our experiences of peace and war, for near a 
century, have shown our fabric of institutions to have 
been conceived with a seeming prophetic forecast of the 
future, and to have been founded in practical wisdom. 
Time has established the position of the architects of 
our system among the pre-eminent statesmen of the 
world. 

We, and the generation which preceeded us, listened 
with bated breath and throbbing hearts to the thrilling 
story of their lives, but our children will hang entranced 
on other lips. Their sensibilities -and gratitude, their 
pride and patriotism, will be enkindled by the greater 



20 

sacriilces. and not less heroic iicliicveiiiciits of our own 
time. Like beacon lights. God lifts tliese grand epochs of 
our history at intervals, that their light may fall forward 
upon the path which he has marked for vis to tread. It is 
thus we are educated and perfected for the sublime work, 
in the cause of civil liberty and Christian progress, 
which Providence has laid upon our nation. Heaven has 
kindly lengthened out tlie lives of a remnant of the fa- 
thers, that they might bring down the congratulations of 
that dead generation of the founders of the government 
to this living generation of their children, who have de- 
fended it against the colossal efforts of domestic treason 
and foreign hate, and have established its power and its 
renown under the whole heavens. All others, the mighty 
counsellors, and the heroic defenders of the infant repub- 
lic, have joined the great congregation who fell in tlio 
march, the camp, the battle, from the struggle in the 
streets of Lexington to the surrender of Yorktown. 

But on this memorable day, as we utter our words of 
grateful remembrance, and rehearse the exploits of our 
sires, we seem to hear from out the depths of air respon- 
sive and jubilant voices of recognition and gratulation, 
as if the fithers too were celebrating within the crystal 
spheres the triumphs of their children. As they look 
down upon the republic, purified and re-established by a 
race of men worthy of themselves, each may say, 
* " Exegi monumentum aere perenniua, 

Kegalique situ pyramidum altius ; 

Quod non imber edax, non Aquilo impotcns 

Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis 

Annorum series, et fuga temporum. 

Non omnis raoriar ; multaque pars mei 

Yitabit Libitinam. 

*jN'ot];. 

ISIorc (lural)le tlum hrass, tlic frame 
AVhicli here I consecrate to Fame ; 
Hiijlier than pyramids (hat rise, 
Witli royal piide, to liravc tlie d^ic^- ; 



21 

111 iioiliiiig else perhaps did the fouudors ol" our rc}nil)- 
lic exhibit so Avido and carofal a gcucralization of the 
political experience of nations, or so comprcliensive a 
statesmanship, as in the provisions which they made lor 
the freedom of labor. 

They perceived not only that voluntary industry was 
tlio proper basis of a sound political economy, but that 
its protection and encouragement w^as the only policy, 
which could ensure the enlargement and perpetuation of 
national power. 

The true principles, upon wdiich the financial prosperity 
of nations rests, seem not to have been understood until 
within a comparatively recent period. Statesmen held 
and governments practiced upon the theory, that what 
one gained another must lose. Hence war for the sake 
of plunder, or commercial advantage, became the estab- 
lished policy and the constant practice of nations. Cities 
like Tyre and Corinth, that had grown rich by trade, 
were sacked to supply the demands of a profligate ruling 
class, or to feed an indolent and penniless but warlike 
people. Rome herself, that had wandered like a bandit 
through the world, fell at last by the hands of Gothic and 
Vandalic robbers. But the framers of our government 
conceived more trul}'-, that w^ealth was the product of 
honest industry, aided by capital and the forces of nature. 
Acting upon that theory they repudiated war and all en- 
tangling alliances, and adopted a policy looking to tho 
developement of the resources of the country and the 
capacities of its inhabitants. They made the government 
dependent upon the people, and not the people, as in the 



Nor years, tIiou;;Ii numberless the train, 
Nor lliglit of seasons, wasting rain, 
Nor winds, that knid in tempests l)reak, 
Sliail e'er its firm foundation sliake. 
Nor shall the funeral pyre consume 
My fame; that nobler i)art shall blooin, - 
With youth unfading shall iinprove. 



90 



olden time, dependent upon the arms and arbitrary sup- 
port of the government. In pursuance of this funda- 
mental idea of political economy, they liberated industry 
from the burdens and disabilities, which feudal practices 
and the support of a costly aristocracy had thrown upon 
it in the old world. Even before the revolution, the law 
of entails and the law of primogeniture, which Dr. John- 
eon had defended with the argument that it "made but 
one fool in a family," had been swept away in some of 
the colonies. 

Labor will never put forth all its productive capacity, 
where its legitimate incomes are restricted by class or 
governmental monopolies, or where its accumulated capi- 
tal is rendered insecure, either by the weakness or unre- 
strained exactions of government. It must languish, also, 
where the laboring classes are depressed to a condition 
of social or political inferiority. Labor must bo made 
honorable, if we would have it profitable, and save the 
community from a race of drones. The incentives of civil 
distinction and social position must be brought in, to 
overcome man's constitutional love of ease and self indul- 
gence, and to sustain a continuous activity and enterprise 
in the great industrial pursuits. The people must be ed- 
ucated, too, if we would constantly increase and improve 
the character of the products of a country. It is intel- 
lectual discipline, that brings the discoveries of Science 
and the inventions of Art to the assistance of Labor, that 
secures the balance of trade, and gives success in the 
competition for the markets of the world. In a word, it 
is free, honorable home industry, which creates wealth, 
brings national prosperity, strength and influence, and 
makes a people virtuous, intelligent and happy. 

This the fathers comprehended and provided for. All 
the forces of society have here been made to work lov- 
ingly together, for the accomplishment of the highest 



23 

success. We liave laid down to rest, secure benoatli the 
protection, which a beneficent government extends to our 
homes and our persons. We have toiled, knowing that 
no ruthless hand of power could appropriate the fruits of 
our industry, and that our children would enter into our 
labors. We have been proud of the poor man's success 
and elevation, and have pointed with self-gratulations to 
the distinguished agriculturists, the princely merchants, 
tJie scholars and the statesmen, who have risen from tho 
humblest ranks among us to the loftiest historic pre- 
eminence. 

How grand and how magnificent have been the results ! 
The old family of Thirteen States has already Avidened 
into Thirty-four, each of imperial dimensions and capacity, 
and many more are bending their energies to join ''the 
circle of Liberty." In less than a century a population 
of Three millions has increased to a population of Thirty 
millions without degeneracy. The narrow industry of 
agriculture and manufactures, with which we entered 
upon our course, now feeds a commerce, which, springing 
from its paralysis under the old confederation, at length 
in lucrativeness and ubiquity disputes the supremacy with 
the arrogant, insular mistress of the seas, and pours its 
surplus wealth of products into all the markets of the 
world. 

Where else, in Jkne or place, have populous cities, re- 
sounding with tWroar of multitudinous pursuits, and 
filled with the palaces and the comforts of universal 
wealth, risen from the very wilderness, like a golden par- 
adise in an Eastern tale, and taken permanent root in a 
single decade but here ? Where but here was ever a wild 
waste, that had listened only to the howl of the panther, 
or the whoop of the savage, transformed in the brief 
years of a child's minority into a mighty commonwealth, 
rivaling in affluence and power the venerable states of the 



24 

Tiioilior continent? All this is simple fact nntl not fiction, 
but tlic half is not told. 

Would yon approximate to a just conception of tlio 
financial resources and national capacities,- developed by 
ninety years of free industry, observe the comfort and 
vigor of our entire population; measure tlie expenditures, 
and number the men Avho have fallen in the mighty strug- 
gle through which we have passed, and then remember 
that the prosperity of the Xortli has never failed, and thfft 
our wealth and population have constantly increased dur- 
ing these years of waste and blood. But this prosperity 
has not been equally distributed. Hitherto there have 
been States, whose condition has been abnormal; whose 
system of domestic industry has deprived them of the le- 
gitimate results of labor, elevated and energized by the 
aspirations and competitions of an intelligent community. 

Extorted labor can only be maintained by violence, and 
over a people ignorant and unskilful, whose industry will 
be of the rudest and most unprofitable kind. Educated 
labor, wliich improves and multiplies the products of art 
and handicraft, iBies from the vicinage of slavery, and 
compels its supporters to live in deprivation of the com- 
forts and improvements of free communities, or to exhaust 
their incomes by purchasing at enhanced prices. Slaves 
work without heart and accomplish but little. Any sys- 
tem of enforced labor, where the laborQ|^s made property, 
creates a landed aristocracy, and thro^^tlie wealth of the 
community into the hands of a few. The non-slaveholding 
free population are driven from the country, or sink to 
the most abject poverty, and yet are too proud to engage 
in work, which has been degraded by Slavery. Public 
intelligence and public morals cannot be maintained in 
such a community. The poverty-stricken masses, pressed 
by want and lost to self-respect, become either a danger- 
ous and turbulent body of malcontents, or the pliant 



tools of faction in tlie hands of an unscrnpnlous bnt un- 
titled nobility. The influence upon tlie holders of this 
species of property is not less baneful than upon the dis- 
enfranchised and hopeless chattel. Living in case and 
luxury, upon gains wrung from the compulsory labor oi 
others, they become indolent, arrogant and corrupt, and 
naturally desire to carr}'- into the government of tlie state, 
the monopoly and oppression, with which they have be- 
come familiar in the institutions of social life. Slavery 
villanage, serfdom, or any system, wdiich lays restraints 
upon labor, is unfavorable to the increase of population, 
to the accumulation of wealth, and to the progress of 
civilization. Manufactures and commerce will languish 
nnder slavery, and agriculture will be prosecuted by the 
most primitive methods. This is not theory but fact, 
confirmed by the history of our country. In no previous 
j^eriod has there been so fair and so satisfactory a trial of 
the merits of free and slave labor, as has been made in our 
own time and by our own people. In 1790 the population 
of New York was 340,120, that of Virginia 7-18,308,— 
more than double that of New York. In 1850 the popu- 
lation of New York was 3,097,394, that of Virginia 1,421- 
GGl, — less than half that of New York. In 1791 the 
exports of Virginia exceeded those of New York by 
$625,400. In 1852 the exports of New York exceeded 
those of Virginia by $84,759,799. In 1790 the imports of 
the two States were nearly equal. In 1853 the imports of 
New York exceeded those of Virginia by $177,871,995. 
According to the census of 1850, the value of the real and " 
personal property of Virginia, including her slaves, was 
$391,640,438 ; that of New York, without setting a price 
upon man, was $1,080,309,216. The real and personal 
estate in New York city alone, is wo-rth more by a hun- 
dred million of cTollars than the entire valuation of the 

''Old Dominion,'' negroes and all. 

c 



2r, 

Run the parallel between INEassacliusetts, with her seven 
tliousand eight hundred square miles, and North Carolina, 
with her filty thousand seven hundred and four square 
miles, and though possessed of nearly equal commer- 
cial and manufacturing capacities, the advantage, in 
every point of comparison, is so greatly in fivor of the 
former, that it becomes almost incredible. The contrast 
between Pennsylvania and South Carolina is even more 
striking. If we compare the entire body of the slave and 
free States we reach the same result. 

According to De Bow the entire wealth of the slave 
States, including the slaves, Avas in 1S50 $2,930,090,737 ; 
that of the free States was $4,102,172,108, which leaves 
a balance of $1,1GG, 08 1,371, in favor of the free States. 
The census of 18G0 gives to the the slave States a popu- 
lation all told of 12,240,000 ; to the free States a popula- 
tion of 19,203,008 ; leaving a balance in favor of the free 
States of 6,963,008. In making this comparison it should 
be borne in mind that the greater thrift of the North is 
due, not to natural advantages, but to superiority of 
social and industrial institutions. 

Such has been slavery in our own country, and yet it 
was arrogant, turbulent and factious from the beginning, 
and carried the manners and morals engendered by contin- 
ual contact with a crime against humanity, into the deliber- 
ative assembly and the social circle. It repudiated the_^rsi 
principles by which the fathers justified their appeal to arms 
against British oppression, and upon which they reared 
the o-rand and massive fabric of our liberties. Worse 
than this, it attempted to emaculato the constitution by 
false glosses, and to transform the Republic into a league 
of independent sovereignties, which the diplomacy of 
oppression might shatter at will. Failing in this, it essay- 
■ ed to subvert the government by force, and to build a 
break-water that should arrest the progress of civilization. 



27 

The sons of honorable toil, ivbsorbed in the pursuits of 
peace, gathered reluctantly from their happy homes to 
the inevitable strife, but when marshalled for the deadly 
struggle, they presented to the world the spectacle of an 
army of thinking men. The very rank and file compre- 
hended the great principles at stake, and were inspired by 
the memories of the past, and the glorious visions of the 
future. •The "leagued oppression" fought with a bravery, 
which made the war the "bloodiest picture in the book 
of Time," but the Army and the Navy, to whom under 
God the people had committed the great interests of 
Labor and Liberty, animated, not with a spirit of conquest 
or of military glory, but with the patriotic sentiment of 
Jackson that "J'Ac Federal Utdon must he 2^'i'cserved,^^ 
and with tlie still loftier sentiment of Webster, that 
^^ Union and Libert^/''' must hereni'ter he "One and InsejJ- 
ar'able," moved calmly, but with the irresistible tread of 
fate, over sea and plain, through the cold of winter and 
the heat of summer, amid the "pestilence that walketh in 
darkness, and the destruction that wastetli at noon-day," 
until at length they have re-established the authority of 
government on every acre of its wide domain, and have 
carried the Proclamation of Liberty to the sable children 
of toil, for whose perpetual bondage traitors added the 
crime of War to the black catalogue of their guilt. 

The triumph of arms has established the power, and 
enhanced the glory of the Republic. It has saved us from 
a disintegration of the Federal government, and a dis- 
graceful surrender of Constitutional liberty, but it has not 
settled the great tenderizing struggle between free and slave 
labor. It has only transferred it from the field of war to 
the field of diplomacy. 

This fellow citizens, is a question of pressing importance 
and not inferior in magnitude to others, which have been 
determined by the arbitrament of arms. Whatever is 



28 

done, in the bolialf of labor and fature security in this 
direction, must bo done now. It is surrounded with dif- 
ficulties, we admit, but it demands immediate aetion, and 
there should be a definite and decided expression of public 
opinion upon it. We may as well assume in tlie outset, 
what all History teaches, that any form of absolutism like 
Slavery, has the vitality and germanent power of devils- 
grass, and must be plucked up by the roots, if w» would 
not have it spring up again to trouble us. Restore the 
belligerent South to its old status in the Union, and with 
the aid of only one sixth of the Free State vote in Con- 
c:ress, it will control the legislation and the domestic and 
foreign policy of th6 government. Would it not find 
Iielp to assume the Southern debt, or under the burden of 
taxation to repudiate that, which has been accumulated in 
the prosecution of a war so destructive to their property 
and so humbling to their pride ? Is it not therefore a 
matter of the highest importance, that at least a portion 
of the Southern representation should be loyal to Liberty 
and to Labor ? Shall we leave Negro suffrage as an em- 
bittered theme for future political agitation, an 
" Eternal tempest never to be calmed? " 

But the negro is ignorant and degraded. Shall wo 
therefore leave the question for future adjustment? It 
may be best. But when do you expect South Carolina 
and Georgia to estabhsh schools for negro education ? 
When will they allow others to establish them if their 
assent is to be secured? How soon would emanci- 
pated slaves reach the lofty plain, where they may 
properly exercise the rights of freemen, if given over to 
the tender mercies of Southern 'legislation ? Will it be 
the next year or the next century ? How soon would 
the rights of property and equal privileges in court 
be conceded to chattels who have purchased liberty 
at the price of blood? Left to their old masters, they 



29 

. •ff'oiild sink to a condition, combining all the evils and 
none of the reb'efs of the system, from which they 
Lave escaped. Besides, fellow citizens, the opportunity 
of settling this question, once lost, to the government, 
is lost forever. It is only while we have the power of 
submitting conditions of return that we can reach it. — 
Freedmen are now citizens of the United States, and their 
rights and liberties must be protected by that government, 
which the}^ have helped to preserve by their blood. Both 
public faith and public justice require this. If suffrage is 
their surest and cheapest defence, as well as an incentive 
to social progress, it is both the duty and the right of the 
government to secure it to them. Any conditions, consis- 
tent with the claims of justice, may be imposed upon the 
defeated traitors, which the welfare of the freedmen and 
the future peace and security of the government may de- 
mand. This is common sense, universal history and clear- 
ly established law. It flows from the right of self-defence. 
Am I asked by what right the government can interfere 
with these matters, which are reserved to the States ? I 
answer by the right of luar, which authorizes the appoint- 
ment of provisional governors, which restricts the right 
of suffrage, and does other executive acts, and which 
will remain in force until the Rebel States enter upon 
their functions as States in the Union, on the conditions 
submitted to them as a conquered enemy. 

Of one thing I am sure, and that is, that whatever else 
is left undone, the slave power in this republic must he 
broJcen. Every principle of justice and humanity demands 
this. The long wail of an oppressed race cries it in our 
ears. The voices of sixty thousand, dead of hunger, and 
of three hundred thousand fallen in battle, demand it at 
our hands. Does not the army of surviving heroes hear 
the voice of the army of the dead? Shall not we, who 
have been couieerated by a baptism of blood, be true to 



the covenant of Liberty, which wo have made with both 
the living and the dead ? 

Are any staggered with scruples ? Remember there 
are political as well as military necessities which demand 
the conservatism of extreme measures. Jefferson found 
tkem in his day, and we must not expect to escape them. 
" But one thing I hope will be considered absolutely 
necessary," says John Stuart Mill, " to break altogether 
the power of the slave-holding caste. Unless this is done, 
the abolition of slavery will be merely nominal. If an 
aristocracy of ex-slaveholders remain masters of the State 
Legislatures, they will be able eftectually to nullify a great 
part of the result, which has been so dearly bought by 
the blood of the free States. They and their dependents 
must be effectually out-numbered at the polling places ; 
which can only be effected by the concession of full 
equality of political rights to negroes and by a large im- 
migration of settlers from the North." 

I do not say that every enfranchised negro should vote. 
His claims as a heroic soldier, who has fought in the Fed- 
eral army, cannot over-ride the claims of public safety. 
But I do say, that there should be no distinction of color, 
for the sake of humoring a prejudice, that has no founda- 
tion in principle. I do say that the principle of civil 
liberty, which declares all men politically equal and the 
principle of political economy, which requires that labor 
should be free and honorable, demands that all men should 
vote, when not clearly incompatible with the public wel- 
fare. The burden of proof is upon those who would 
withold the privilege in a Republic. I concede that a 
prudent statesmanship will, in a time like this, pursue a 
policy of conciliation. Nothing should be done in a spirit 
of revenge. A large generosity should be extended to 
the wants of the South, and cordiality exhibited in our 
mutual intercourse. There should be no taunts of defeat, 



31 

nor crlipinations for the past. For the sake of restoring 
confidence, I might even consent to forego, for a time, 
ti)e luxury of building monuments to the heroic dead, 
who sleep in southern battle-fields. I Avould extend to 
the mass of the people the advantages of trade, and kindly 
aid them in obliterating the ravages of war. But I would 
not lose the respect of mankind by surrendering j3ri?icij:^?es 
and throwing away the/ruits of victory, through a morbid 
desire to propitiate the leading traitors whom history will 
never pardon. A foreign foe may be made a friend, but a 
domestic traitor can never forget his crime. 

" Love quarrels oft in pleasing concord end, 
Xot wedlock treachery endangering life." 

Let US remember that we are building on foundations 
laid by the fathers, and that our responsibilities are not 
circumsci'ibed by these troublous times. Unborn genera- 
tions as they rise will hold us responsible for the results 
of this mighty struggle. The teachings of a sound politi- 
, cal philosophy, and not the discordant dicta of a temporary 
policy, should guide our actions. It is not given to us to 
command results, but with the royal Psalmist we can say 
"In God is niy salvation and my glory; the rock of my 
strength, and my refuge is in God." 

Questions of social and civil polity may temporarily 
distract society, as perturbing influences are impressed 
upon planetary orbits, but they cannot permanently arrest 
or derange the Divine purposes in the life of nations, 
marching forward to their consumation in the great cycles 
of history. There is a 2^ri'mum mobile, ahovG these inner 
spheres, whose motion flows from the -Supreme Power, 
and whose irresistable force draws all inferior movements 
into its own mighty progress. 



^ E P 

[continued.] 



The oration, which was about an hour in delivery, wari 
repeatedly interrupted by hearty applaiiao. 

The closing exercise was the singing of '''Old Hundred'^ 
by the children, assisted by the South Newmarket Band, 
the concourse uniting. It was a thrilling and an appro- 
-prlixtefmale to the Exercises of the Day. 

DINNER AT NEW HAMPSHIRE HOUSE 

The City Government, with their Invited Guests, Offi- 
cers of the Day, and others, sat down at 3 1-2 P. M. to a 
sumptuous dinner, which was a social and informal gath- 
ering, and much enjoyed by all present. 

TRIAL OF I'IRE ENGINES. 

The Committee of Arrangements generously appropri. 
ated $100 for the prizes to the worthy Fire Department 
of the City, viz : 1st prize, $50 ; 2d prize, $30 ; 3d prize, 
$20. As the Department is about being reorganized, 
preparatory to the introduction of Steam Fire Engines, 
this tribute of respect to the noble boys was truly a just 
one and well deserved. 

At 4 P. ]?.[., the trial took place on Franklin Square. — 
The Judges v;ere, viz : No. 2, Lieut. J. T. S. Libbey; No. 
3, C. H. Horton; No. 4, C. W. Wiggin; No. 5, C. W. 
Thurston ; Referee, Cyrus E. Hayes. 

The wind was very strong from the West, and thereby 
preventing a satisfactory result, causing calculations to 
" gang aglee." The consequence of this and other unfo- 
vorable circumstances was that the Judges were unable 
to make a report. Either a review of the playing will be 
had or else a new trial. If the lattsr, we hope it will be- 



ou a still day and tlie result will be universally satisfactory. 
The whole Department bear the respect of the community, 
who cannot forget their past worthy services. 

HORSE TROT AT GRANITE STATE PARK. 

At the above park, some two miles north of the city, a 
grand trot came off between Lady Brooks of Elliot, Me., 
and Kennebec Boy of Portland, Me., for a Purse of $500, 
best 3 in 5 to harness. The horses are new to ^he track, . 
not having been considered track stock. The Lady is 8 
years old and the Boy 7 years. The race was viz : 

1st Heat. Lady B. drew the pole and kept ahead, K, 
Boy gaining and then falling back but at length coming 
up finely, making an exciting heat ; the home stretch be- 
ing a handsome display of trotting. Lady B. won the 
beat by about a length. Time 2.5 L 

2d Heat. After a while a fair start was had, the Lady 
however not taking lead as before, the K. Boy conse- 
quently took from her the pole which he kept for a while, 
but on the home stretch, which was a spanking trot, the 
Lady came in a little ahead. Time 2.49. 

3d Heat. Lady B., though this time closely pressed by 
K. Boy at the half mile pole, soon leaped ahead. The 
Boy however showed some fine trotting and again pressed 
the Lady, but the latter held her own and came in a 
length or two ahead. Time 2.49, winning the race in 
three straight heats. - 

Summary. — Purse $500. Best 3 in 5 to harness. 
John Wiggin ns. br. m. Lady Brooks of P]lliot, Mc. Ill 
H. Richardson ns. br. s. Kennebec Boy of 

Portland, Me. ^ 2 2 2 

Time. 2.51—2.59—2.49. 

A large crowd was in attendance and the best of feel- 
ing existed. Both horses are good trotters and will 3'et 
make their mark on the track. The Judges were — Sam- 
uel Langlev, Boston: James F. Chase, Dover ; William A. 
Worster, Great Falls. 

D 



[• 



FIREWOHKS ON FKAXKLIN SQUACL'. 

The closing- affair of the daj was a grand display of fire- 
works on Franklin Square, from the Laboratory of C. E. 
MarsterSj RoxLury, Ma«s ; S. W. Creech, Boston, Agent. 
It was a very tasty display, in charge of Joseph E. Kim- 
ball, Esq. 

From sunset till dark, at intervals, Rockets, with the 
various garnitures of colored stars and golden rain, were 
fired ; succeeded by an illumination of Bengola Lights. — 
The following select pieces were then given, forming an 
imposing sequel : 

■ 1. Chaplet of Flora. 2. Aurora. 3. Yew Tree. 4. 
Scroll Wheel. 5. Peruvian Cross. 6. Revolving Globe. 
7. Finale : this was a tribute to th.e memory of the lament- 
ed late President of our country. It was composed of 
letters in lance fire, forming the word " LINCOLN," en- 
circling the name in a beautiful wreath of laurel in emerald 
fire, surmounting it with two American Flags, in the ap- 
propriate colors of red, white and blue. 
During the exhibition there were fired between each juece 
Rockets with silver, crimson, gold, emerald and blue stars ; 
gold rain and serpents ; Flower Vases, that filled the air 
with clusters of colored lights; Illuminations of brilliant 
Bengola Lights and crimson fires ; Mines of Serpents ; 
Torbillions of Silver and colors ; and Aerial Shells, which 
with a report ascended to an immense height and then 
bursting, discharged clusters of agate, blue, crimson, green 
and gold stars, gold rain and flights of amber streamers. 

DECORATIONS. 

The City was very generally decorated, and the citizens 
carried with them some emblem of nationality, even a 
miniature flag or streamer — the ladies especially being 
])atriotically adorned. The reaidences of our leading 
citizens were decorated with a}ipropriato designs, flags, 
'! reamers . S^i-. Amon^' them, we noticed those of .M;iv<n' 



35 

Estea and J. E. BickforJ on Central St. ; G. H. Pierco, 
Pleasant St. ; C. If. Horsch, C. A. Tufts and Charles Hayes, 
on Locust St.; Eii V. Brewster and D. Lawrence on Wash- 
ington St. ; the Pierce ]\Iansion, W. T. Prescott, on Silver 
St., and others. The Engine Houses and Hook and Ladder 
House were also, "in and out," handsomely decorated with 
festoons of evergreen, shields and flags. Flags were dis- 
played on the City Hall, the flag stafis of the Engine 
Companies and other public places. Everywhere the eye 
greeted with peculiar pleasure the Flag of our almost 
boundless country, — the peer of nations — aye, the. leading- 
nation of the world, a title now justly deserved. 

PRESENTATION. 

At 9 A. ]\r. a presentation took pJace at Engine Co. No. 
3's house on Washington St. The Foreman, Capt. D. 
Crockett, was presented with an elegant Silver Trumpet 
by the members of that Company. Mr. Seorim Demeritt 
made the presentation, which "was accompanied by the 
following remarks : 

Mn. Foreman : — I have been delegated by our brother firemen to 
present to you, in their behalf, this beautiful instruTient, the badge of 
authority in our calling, and upon the present occasion a token and mark 
of Inspect in which you are held by Fountain Fire Association No. 3. — 
You have been connected with the Department, and a member of our 
Company for a long term of years, and I do not think I mistake-the 
feelings or sense of your companions, when I say that we have ever 
found you prompt, courteous and energetic in whatever position you 
have been placed. AVith the warmest wishes for your future success in 
life, and tlie hope that, when our present organization ghall have given 
away before the advancing spirit of the age, and the glorious " Blue Kit- 
chen " is a thing of the past, — you may be called to higher places of 
trust, I do in the name of our whole Company present you this Fireman's 
Trumpet. 

Captain Crockett was evidently touched with the im- 
pressive and kindly remarks of the address and replied, 
thanking the members for their kindness and many acts of 
courtesy during his connection with them and assured 
them of his regard, which should ever be of the sincerest 
and deepest character through the rest of his life. These 
remarks were received Avith much applause, 

Th6 trumpet is a handsome one and bears the following 
inscription : '• Presented to Capt. David CrtocKETT, by 



the members of Fountain Fike Association No. 3, Dover, 
N. H., July 4, 1865, for his noble conduct."' 

COLLATIONS. /' 

The Masons and Templars entertained their guests in 
fine style at the City Hall and Ham's Hall ; the Odd Fel- 
lows also followed suit at their Hall in Morrill's Block ; the 
Engine Companies also kept open house for their friends, 
doing the honors of the occasion with true hearted liber- 
ality and courtesy; the Hook and Ladder Co. No. 1, 
"^ Invincibles " had the latch string on the outside till a 
late hour Tuesday evening, and must have entertained 
some 500 or 600 people — really a bountiful affair. Dur- 
ing the afternoon the Bands of the Day were entertained 
there, whose Leaders appropriately thanked their hosts 
for their courtesy. Toasts Avere given and remarks made 
by several gentlemen. 

INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS. 

Nothing of a serious character occurred to mar the har- 
mony of the occasion — a complete instance of excellent 
municipal care and the good conduct of the thousands who 
were abroad from morning till night. It was the universal 
remark, that it was the most peaceful, quiet and respecta- 
ble 4th in Dover for many years. 

CONCLUSION. 

So passed the 89th Anniversary of American Independ- 
ence 1 A glorious day, well observed and now become 
historical. It is more sacred than ever and it becomes us 
to see that its influence is for our national and individual 
progress. " Our Country, One and Indivisible " should 
be tlie watch cry of every patriot. No more civil war, 
no foreign entanglements, liberty for all men, chains for 
none, our guiding star Peace, our disposition Good Will 
to all the World. We are a nation now respected and 
feared even by the old world. Our navy rides the sea 
with prouder confidence than ever, our armies command 
the deepest respect, our resources are unlimited, and our 
industries increasing, our flag is the symbol of Liberty. 
What more has any iiation to ask for to prosper them than 
this ? Let us keep right on in the honored path of Right 
and Justice to the highest culmination of national preemi- 
nence ! 



LlbhAHY U 



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